Selenium
found in beans, kidney, liver, brazillian nuts, eggs, fish.
gives cell membrane integrity and prevents perioxidation.
deficiency causes white muscle disease in sheep, with arched back.
it is a co-factor enzyme.
Dunedin, Tapanui, Christchurch is low in selenium.
deficiency causes Keshan disease in humans.
Enlargement of the heart, loss of flexibility
and has possible association to cancer.
Iodine.
deficiency causes gout and enlargement of thyroid gland.
goitre. in children, impairment of mental function. retarded physical development.
cretinism. abortions, still births. congenital abnormalities.
Iron.
deficiency causes anaemia and pale greyish red blood cells.
Iron found in red meat and whatever.
High requirement when pregnant, menstruating, growth spurt, inflammation, lactation
promoter: vitamin c
inhibitor: phytates, zinc, manganese, calcium
Zinc
promoter: organic acids, animal meat
inhibitor: phytates, manganese, calcium, iron
mild deficiency causes stunted growth, loss of taste sensation and appetite, impaired immune system
sever deficiency causes dwarfism, hypo-pigmented hair, delayed sexual maturation
metabolizes vitamin A, involved in carb,protein, lipid metabolism. hormonal interactions, immune functions, growth and reproduction
Folate/Folic Acid
increased requirement during early pregnancy to prevent NTD
taken in from supplements and fortified food
deficiency causes megaloblastic anaemia
megaloblastic anaemia also caused by B12 deficiency/
B12 deficiency is large amongst the elderly and vegans.
B1, thiamin deficiency causes Beri Beri
Riboflavin deficiency causes inflammation of mouth skin eyes and GI tract
Vitamin E found in lipids. Deficiency rare but causes neuropathy. maintenance of membrane integrity.
Vitamin K injected during birth. prevents VKDB, spontaneous bleeding. Involved in Gamma Carboxy Glutamic Acid PTM.
Niacin deficiency causes pellegra.
BSE,Scrapie,CSD - due to prions in brain.
Alzheimer + diabetes II due to protein misfolding.